TCTAP C-092 Hold on! – When Filters are a Must But Deployment a Must Not

When must Should Be Chosen

This paper describes ongoing work on the choice of modal expressions in the generation of recommendations about courses of study within the B.A.-program of the Ruhr-Universität Bochum. We focus our work on the German modal verbs müssen (must), können (can), the subjunctive form sollte (should), and dürfen (may). The idea is to combine insights from formal semantics into the meaning of modal ver...

Some Things Must Not Change.

The past three months have been a season of tremendous change, and many of us have been surprised by the political events that have taken place. January heralds a change in administration for the United States, and the future seems uncertain. I sense that change is going to be the new normal, and we have to be able to cope with it-and with each other-for a long time. What I want to talk about i...

Dismantling Face Validity - Why the Concept Must Live On, But the Term Must Finally Die

“It’s Practically a Must”: Neoliberal Reasons for Foreign Language Learning

This qualitative study analyzes the reasons of college students for learning English as a foreign language (EFL) in Costa Rica and the reasons of high school students for learning German as a foreign language (GFL) in the US. It asks to what extent the learners’ reasons align with or deviate from neoliberal discourses that commodify foreign languages. The analysis of 27 interviews in a US high ...

Temporal Landmarks: What Must Happen, and When

Current temporal planners have a hard time solving large, real-world problems which involve dealing with metric time and concurrent actions. While landmarks have enabled classical planners to scale up to significantly larger problems, they have not yet brought as much benefit to temporal planning. We argue that the reason for this is that for landmarks to make an effective addition to planning ...